Section Biodiversité et Evolution – Ce qu’il ne fallait pas rater en mars

Ce qu’il ne fallait pas rater :
– Des chercheurs de l’Université de South California ont prédit les taux de croissance de plus de 200 000 microbes sur la base de leurs schémas d’utilisation des codons. Pour le faire, ils ont développé un nouveau prédicteur génomique de la croissance maximale, disponible sous forme de package R, gRodon. Ils ont constaté que les microbes à croissance lente sont sous-représentés dans les collections de cultures. En outre, les microbes semblent se regrouper en deux classes de croissance : les oligotrophes et les copiotrophes. Ces deux groupes pourraient occuper deux régimes sélectifs distincts, les génomes des organismes à croissance lente n’étant pas optimisés pour une translation rapide du aux schémas d’utilisation des codons. Ces deux groupes ont également un contenu génétique et fonctionnel distinct. Vous pouvez trouvez l’article ici: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016810118
Dans un nouvel article publié dans Nature Ecology and Evolution, l’équipe de Martin Turcotte de l’Université de Pittsburg a montré grace à des manips d’évolution expérimentale que la fitness de la plante aquatique Lemna minor est modifiée par les interactions entre le microbiome et l’évolution d’un de ses membres, Pseudomonas fluorescens. La présence du microbiome favorise l’évolution rapide de P. fluorescens pour former un biofilm, ce qui modifie réciproquement la composition en espèces du microbiome. Cette dynamique éco-évolutive modifie l’aptitude multigénérationnelle de l’hôte, plus précieusement, l’arrivée de P. fluorescens dans le microfilme favorise le fitness. Leurs résultats suggèrent aussi un effet microbien sur la production d’auxine, une hormone de croissance végétale, qui changerai la condition physique de l’hôte. Pour plus d’information: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01406-2

Olaya RENDUELES GARCIA olaya.rendueles-garcia@pasteur.fr
Simonetta GRIBALDO simonetta.gribaldo@pasteur.fr

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